PoS Finality & Performance
Modulax uses a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism built for speed, efficiency, and future-proof security. The chain delivers fast block times while maintaining strong finality guarantees that are critical for bridging and high-value transactions.
"Fast blocks are good. Final blocks are better. Modulax delivers both."
Core Principles
Stake-Weighted Consensus Validator selection is designed to be based on the amount of $MDX staked.
Fast Blocks, Reliable Finality Blocks are produced every ~2 seconds, while finality is achieved within ~12 seconds (supermajority confirmation).
Validator Accountability Misbehavior will be punished through slashing and stake loss once public validator participation opens.
Scalability Architecture optimized to scale to thousands of validators without bottlenecks.
Block Production
Block Time: ~2 seconds
Finality: ~12 seconds under current configuration
Validator Rotation: Planned for fair algorithm-based selection when validator set opens
Transaction Throughput: Targeting 1,000+ TPS under optimized load
Validator Rewards (Planned)
Currently, the network runs with a single validator during bootstrap. When public staking is enabled, rewards will include:
Honest Validation
Block + transaction fee rewards
Delegated Staking
Share of validator rewards (minus commission fee)
Downtime
Reduced rewards, potential penalties
Malicious Behavior
Stake slashing
Finality Guarantees
Blocks are finalized only after supermajority validator confirmation (in future public sets).
Once finalized, transactions cannot be reversed — even if validators collude.
Finality underpins cross-chain bridging and high-value transfers with confidence.
"Finality means peace of mind. Once it’s final, it’s forever."
Performance Enhancements
libp2p Networking High-speed peer-to-peer layer that reduces latency in validator communication.
Optimized Consensus Lightweight signature aggregation for efficiency as validator count grows.
Parallel Transaction Execution (Planned) Concurrent transaction processing to push throughput beyond 1,000+ TPS.
Security Considerations
Minimum stake requirements will discourage Sybil attacks.
Slashing for double-signing or consensus manipulation will apply when public validators go live.
Continuous audits and bug bounties for validator software.
Outlook
As Modulax integrates post-quantum cryptography, validator signatures will migrate from ECDSA to Dilithium (NIST PQC standard). This ensures validator performance and finality remain strong even in the quantum era.
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